Digital electronic ignitions

At the turn of the 21st century digital electronic ignition modules became available for small engines on such applications as chainsaws, string trimmers, leaf blowers, and lawn mowers. This was made possible by low cost, high speed, and small footprint microcontrollers.

 Digital electronic ignition modules can be designed as either

 capacitor discharge ignition (CDI)    or 

inductive discharge ignition (IDI) systems.

 Capacitive discharge digital ignitions store charged energy for the spark in a capacitor within the module that can be released to the spark plug at virtually any time throughout the engine cycle via a control signal from the microprocessor. This allows for greater timing flexibility, and engine performance; especially when designed hand-in-hand with the engine carburetor.

ACC

 What is ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) in automobile. Need , How it works   (operation) ?

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is an available cruise control system for road vehicles that automatically adjusts the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance from vehicles ahead.

it is also called by more than 20 unique names that describe that basic functionality. 

This is also known as Dynamic cruise control.

Control is based on sensor information from on-board sensors. 

Such systems may use a radar or laser sensor or a camera setup allowing the vehicle to brake when it detects the car is approaching another vehicle ahead, then accelerate when traffic allows it to.

Mark splitup

 

Module	Topic Area	% Marks in University Exam
1	Fundamentals:	15
2	Sensors	15
3	Fuel injection and Ignition	15
4	Safety and comfort	15
5	Electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles	20
6	Vehicle Intelligence	20

steering system

 There are two main types of steering gears used for most modern vehicles: 

the rack and pinion steering gear and 

the recirculating ball steering gear.

In most cars, small trucks and SUVs on the road today, there is a rack and pinion steering system. This converts the rotational motion of the steering wheel into the linear motion that turns the wheels and guides your path. 

The system involves a circular gear (the steering pinion) which locks teeth on a bar (the rack).

 It also transforms big rotations of the steering wheel into small, accurate turns of the wheels, giving a solid and direct feel to the steering.

ABS

 Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to maintain tractive contact with the road surface according to driver inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up and avoiding uncontrolled skidding.

 • ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on dry and slippery surfaces. 

• ABS modulates the brake line pressure independent of the pedal force, to bring the wheel speed back to the slip level range that is necessary for optimal braking performance.

Braking system

 Braking system in automobile . Need , How it works   (operation) ?

The function of the brake system is to stop the vehicle within the smallest possible distance and hence this is done by converting the kinetic energy of the vehicle into the heat energy which is dissipated into the atmosphere.

The brake system in an automobile can be classified into these following categories:

    • Mechanical Brake

    • Disc Brake

    • Hydraulic Brake

    • Power-assisted Brake

    • Air Brake

    • Electric and

    • Hand brake System

Suspension system

Suspension system in automobile . Need , How it works   (operation) ?

Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two.

Suspension systems must support both roadholding/handling and ride quality which are at odds with each other. 

* roadholding=  the ability of a vehicle to remain stable when moving, especially when cornering at high speeds.

* handling =Automobile handling and vehicle handling are descriptions of the way a wheeled vehicle responds and reacts to the inputs of a driver, as well as how it moves along a track or road

The tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise.

 It is important for the suspension to keep the road wheel in contact with the road surface as much as possible, because all the road or ground forces acting on the vehicle do so through the contact patches of the tires. 

The suspension also protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear. The design of front and rear suspension of a car may be different.